Oil burner construction



M y 1- R. c. SABINS 2,240,861

OIL BURNER CONSTRUCTION Filed Feb. 15, 1939 2 sneak-Sheet 1 INVENT E. fiolland C 50.6%

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y 1941. R. c. SABINS OIL BURNER CONSTRUCTION Filed Feb. 15, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2' INVENTQR. fiallard dfiabzrz ATTORNEY 5 Patented May 6, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE z,z4o,861

on. BURNER oons'rauorron Rolland o. Sabins, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis.

Application February 15, 1939, Serial No. 256,449

8 Claims. (cuss-91) This invention relates to a new and improved oil burner and more particularly to a pot type of burner especially adapted for use in connection with space heating stoves.

Pot type burners in general use comprise pot structures with vertical walls having series of openings therein located at varying distances from the pot bottom. These furnish primary and secondary air for the combustion of the oil which is supplied direct to the bottom of the pot. The oil is vaporized or gasified by heat passing downwardly from the plane which is located directly above the oil. The bottomof the pot is normally in contact with the air which cools it and reduces the efiiciency of the generation of the gases and vapors for combustion, causing accumulations of carbon and gums.

In my improved type of burner I provide an oil manifold located above the pot bottom, the manifold being heated by primary combustion below it and beside it for the generation of the gases and vapors for combustion.

It is anobiect of the present invention to provide a new and improved pot type burner.

It is a further object to provide a construction of this character in which an oil chamber for generating oil vapors is located between the primary air and secondary air.

It is also an object to provide a burner in which the oil vapors are generated by combustion laterally and below the oil chamber or manifold.

It is an additional object to provide a construction in which a starting flame may be located adjacent and below the oil manifold, saidflame burning continuously as a pilot flame if desired.

It is a further object to provide means independent of the normal oil flow for quickly supplying oil for starting the burner.

Other and further objects will appear as the description proceeds.

I have shown certain preferred embodiments of my invention in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a. vertical section of a space heater incorporating my improved pot type'burner;

Figure 2 is a vertical section of the burner on an enlarged scalez' Figure 3 is a cross-section taken on line 3-3 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary section illustrating a modified form of construction:

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4 showing a further modification; and

Figure 6 is a fragmentary cross-section showing a pilot light construction.

' Referring first to Figure 1, the pot type burner II is supportedon the partition l2 in the heating drum H. The bottom' M of the drum is provided with air inlet openings l5 and the rear wall of the drum is provided with the outlet opening it for the products of combustion. This outlet l6 discharges into the draft control chamber ll which contains the baflie wall l8 and discharges through passage is 'to any suitable flue. The draft control chamber i! also has the damper fitted with the adjustable weight 2|, secured in its rear wall behind the baifle wa-ll I8.

The heating drum l3 is-supported on the base 22 'having the air inlet openings 23 therein. The

shell or housing 24 is supported on the base 22 and encloses the drum I3. The lower portion of the shell 24 has the air inlet openings 25 formed therein and its upper portion is provided with the air outlet openings 26. The shell is fitted with a separate top or cover 21 which is imperforate with the exception of narrow slots 28 along its'downturned edge. These .slots serve for the discharge of humidified hot air which i has passed over water in the pan 29.

The intermediate division wall 30 is located between the shell 24 and the drum I3 and extends from the base of the drum upwardly about half of its height. The lower portion 3| of this wall is turned outwardly to meet the lower portion of the shell so that primary air passes from the base openings 23 up between the drum l 3 and wall 30 while secondary air from the lower shell openings 25 passes up between the shell 24 and wall 30. The primary and secondary air mix above the wall 30 and discharge together from the lateral openings 26 and 28 at the top of the heater. I

The drum i3 is provided with a door 32 opposite a door 33 on the shell 24. These doors are us d to light the burner or to inspect or clean it.

The'fuel supply tank 34 is mounted at the rear of "the heater and has the oil feed pipe 35. non-trolled by valve 36, discharging into the fuel r ng 31 in the burner. The tank 34 contains the lift pump 38 having the knob 39 connected to rod 40 for actuating the plunger 4| to force oil into the oil line 42. This oil line 42 discharges into the burner ll adjacent the bottom 43 and is used to place oil in the burner'for igniting the burner.

The burner construction is shown more in detail in. Figures 2 and 3. The oil manifold 31 is a ring of lesser diameter than the interior of'the pot and is located eccentrically therein. e gagin the pot wall at the point where'pipe 35 passes through the wall. The ring 3! may be brazed. welded or otherwise secured in place. The ring 31 is generally U-shaped in cross-section with an inner leg or wall 44 which extends upwardly above the outer wall 45. The cover ring 48 rests on the wall 44 and has an eccentrlcally located circular opening 41 in registration with the opening in the ring. As shown, the opening 41 may be made slightly smaller than the opening in the ring, this being solely for the purpose of insuring, with commercial tolerances of manufacture, that the cover ring effectively covers the channel in the oil ring 81. Due to the eccentric location of the opening 41 it is essential that the cover 48 be turned circumferentially to the correct position when it is inserted and to insure this the cover is provided with the notch 48 coacting with the inwardly,projecting seam 49 on the pot wall. cover 46 is formed to make a relatively close fit with the inner face of the pot wall.

The lower portion of the pot wall, below the 'oil manifold 31. is provided with a series of crating ring 8| having the cover 82 and the main oil feed line 83. The pct 88 has the usual primary air openings 84 formed therein. The

- pot bottom is provided with the upwardly extending portion 85 formed in the bottom immediately below that portion of the ring 8| adjacent the connection of the oil inlet line 83 there- The outer edge of the the series of openings 5| which serve for the introduction of secondary air for combustion. The outwardly extending wall portion 52 of the pot has the additional perforations 53 which serve for the admission of additional secondary air.

Thebaflle wall 54 is seated on the ledge 55 and is provided with the inner upwardly flaring portion 56. This portion has the inwardly and downwardly directed perforations 51 extending through it. It is to be noted that these perforations 51 do not communicate with the outer air but merely with the air and gases within the cover portion 58 of the burner. This cover rests on the edge of the member 54 on the ledge 55 and is provided with the central opening 59 from which the products of combustion pass into the drum H.-

A modified form of construction is shown in Figure 4. Here the pot BI- is provided with the primary air openings 62 and the secondary air openings 83. The horizontal portion 64 is imperforate but the vertical portion 65 has the additional secondary air openings 86. Therefore this upper portion of the secondary air is directed horizontally inwardly in this form .of construction instead of being directed upwardly as in the construction of Figure l.

A further modification is shown in Figure 5 in which the pot I0 is provided with the usual primary air openings-I I. The upper portion has the relatively larger secondary air openings I2, and. in view of the greater area of these openings,,no additional secondary air openings are provided in the wall areas I3 and 14. i It will be noted that no baiiie ring 54 is shown in Figures 4 and 5. Such a ring may be used or it may be omitted in some cases with all types of pot construction shown.

In Figure 6 I have shown a construction provided with a pilot light which may burn continuously with a small flame to maintain the portion of the generating well adjacent the main oil inlet at a generating temperature. In the drawing the pot 88 is provided with the oil gen.

' bottom of the pot.

to. The pilot burner housing 85 is fitted in this portion 85, the housing having the air inlet opening 81 formed therein. The oil feed line 88 is connected to the housing 86 and this line is con-- nected to the device 89 which may be of any usual construction for maintaining a constant level of oil at the wick of the pilot burner. The oil will be fed by capillary attraction through the wick.

In the use of my improved burner as shown in Figures 1 and 2, in orderto start it in operation a small quantity of oil is delivered to the bottom 43 of the put by pulling up on the knob 39 of the pump 38. This pump lifts the oil and it then asses by gravity through pipe 42 to the pot bottom 43. At the same time the valve 38 is opened to any desired degree, depending on the amount of heat, and therefore the size of flame, desired. The valve 36 then permits a regulated quantity of oil to flow through pipe 35 into the ring 81 which serves as an oil manifold. The stove doors are opened and a flame is applied to the small pool of oil in the bottom of the burner. As this oil burns it heats the bottom wall and inner vertical wall of the oil manifold 31, thus vaporizing the 011 therein. This oil vapor passes over the outer wall 45 of the manifold and meets primary air which enters through the perforations 50. Partial combustion takes place, the vapors being ignited by the flame upon the starting pool of oil on the This primary combustion continues the heating of the manifold after the v starting oil has been consumed.

When the form of construction of Figure 6 is used, the burner is started by lighting the pilot light which heats the generating ring sufflciently to generate gaseous fuel for starting purposes. The flame of the pilot light also ignites the main flame. The pilot light uses only a small quantity of fuel and may be left on at all times when heat is likely to be required. The main burner will then be automatically put in operation merely by turning on the main oil supply to any desired degree. This main supply may be manually controlled or may be thermostatically controlled by and of the usual devices available for that purpose.

As the oil is vaporized, additional oil is progressively fed into the manifold through the pipe 35. The partially burned oil vapors which are highly heated by the partial combustion, rise above the top 46 of the manifold through opening 41 and there meet the secondary air entering through the perforations 5|. If the air coming through perforations 5| is not adequate to complete combustion on high settings of the fuel valve 38, the additional air which enters through perforations 53 will serve to burn any remaining vapors.

The ring or baffle 54 serves to control the flame and maintain it located centrally of the pot. The openings 5! in this ring do not admit additional air but permit a. recirculation of heated vapors which pass above the ring and this construction has been found to aid in the rrtiraiiztenance of a uniform flame and heating e co ring having its major portion-spaced from the I In the form of construction of Figure 4, the method of operation is the same, the only difference being that the upper portion of the secondary air 'is directed horizontally inwardly rather than vertically. as is the case with the form of construction of Figure 2. In the form of construction shown in Figure 5, the secondary air is introduced in larger quantities at a lower level. An important feature of the generating well construction as shown is that the well has no direct contact with the cooler air about the exterior of the burner, as is the case with pot types of burner where the oil is generated upon the bottom of the burner itself. The present construction, therefore, maintains generating temperatures on very low oil setting, since loss of heat at this point is minimized.

Another feature of the oil manifold is that the inner wall of the manifold serves to define a relatively small combustion space which serves for properly burning the oil when it is supplied in small quantities at low settings of the valve 36. On increased oil settings complete combustion requires varying amounts of secondary air which is supplied in the upper cylindrical portion of the pot and the height of the flame will depend upon the quantity of oil fed into the burner. The method of providing oil for starting the burner permits the burner virtually to be lighted instantly when desired. In usual types of burners where this oil must be fed in past the control valve, it is found necessary to wait an appreciable period before the flow furnishes an adequate pool of oil for starting purposes.

I have found that directing the upper portion of the secondary air vertically through the openings 53 in the form of construction shown in Figure 2, affords very effective combustion where this air is required upon high settings of the oil feed valve. I have found,'however, that this upper secondary air may be directed horizontally as shown in Figure 4 and an eflicient combustion can be obtained. While the baffle 54 has been found to give a somewhat better fire pattern on medium settings of the oil supply valve, nevertheless the other features of the design are such that adequate combustion can be secured without the use of this baffle.

A further feature of the type of generating manifold shown is that the oil being vaporized is shielded from any direct contact with the flames, such as takes place in the ordinary type of burner where the oil is vaporized upon the bottom of the pot. This shielding from the flame results in elimination of gum accumulations which take place in a burner of the conventional type. The cover 46 of the manifold is readily 'removed, if desired, for inspection or cleaning of the manifold, although it has proven in practice that even with heavy oils the gasii'lcation is such as to leave substantially no residue in the manifold.

While I have shown certain preferred embodiments of my invention, these are to be understood as illustrative only, as the construction may be varied to meet diifering conditions and requirements and I contemplate such modifications as come within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

I claim: v

1. In a pot type burner, a pot, the pot wall having primary air openings adjacent the bottom, a ring shaped generator located in the pot above the primary openings, the outerwall of the pot wall, a cover for the ring spaced from the upper edge of the outer wall of the ring, the pot wall having secondary air openings therein above the ring, and means for supplying oil to the ring.

'2. In a pot type burner, a pot, the pot wall having primary air openings adjacent the bottom, a ring shaped generator located in the pot above the primary openings, the outer wall of the ring having its major. portion spaced from the pot wall, a ring shaped cover for the ring spaced from the upper edge of the outer wall of the ring and closely fitting the inner wall of the ring, the pot wall having secondary air openings therein above the ring, and means for supplying oil to the ring.

3. In a pot type burner, a pot, the pot wall having primary air openings adjacent the bottom,

a ring shaped generator located in the pot above.

the primary openings, the outer wall of the ring having its major portion spaced from the pot wall, a ring shaped cover for the ring spaced; from the upper ,edge of the outer wall of the .ring and closely fitting the inner wall of the ring, the cover having an inner openingof approximately the same size as the central opening in the ring, the pot wall having secondary air openings therein above the ring, and means for supplying oil to the ring.

4. In a pot type burner, a pot having a lower cylindrical wall portion with primary air openings formed therein adjacent the bottom, the wall having secondary air openings therein at a higher level, an oil generating chamber located within the pot intermediate the .primary and secondary air openings, an inwardly directed ring shaped baflie wall above the secondarybpenings, and an upwardly and inwardly extending upper pot portion above the baffle wall.

5. In a pot type burner, a pot having a lower cylindrical wall portion with primary air openings formed therein adjacent the bottom, the wall having secondary air openings therein at a higher level, a vapor generating chamber located within the pot intermediate the primary and secondary air openings, an inwardly directed ring shaped baille wall above the secondary openings, perforations in said baflle wall, and an upwardly and inwardly extending imperforate upper pot portion above the baffle wall.

6. In a pot type burner, a pot having a lower cylindrical wall portion with primary air openings formed therein'adjacentthe bottom, the wall having secondary air openings therein at a higher level, an oil generating chamber located within the ppt intermediate the primary and secondary air openings, said chamber opening toward the cylindrical wall, an outwardly extending wall upon the upper portion of the pot, said wall having upwardly directed secondary air openings therein, and an upwardly and inwardly extending pot top section with a central opening there- 7. In a pot type burner, a pot having a lower cylindrical wall portion with primary air openings formed therein adjacent the bottom, the wall having secondary air openings therein at a higher level, an oil generating chamber located within the pot intermediate the primary and secondary air openings, said chamber opening toward the cylindrical wall, an outwardly offset wall section upon said pot above the secondary openings, additional secondary openings in said offset wall section, and an upwardly and inwardly secondary air openings, said chamber opening 10 toward the cylindrical wall, an outwardly offset wall section upon said pot above the secondary openings, additional secondary openings in said oflset wall section, a ringshaped bathe wall extending inwardly above said offset wall section, and an imperforate upwardly and inwardly extending pot top section above the baflle wall, said top section having a central opening therein.

ROLLAND c. SABINS. 

